Sentence


Definition of sentence:
A sentence is a combination of words arranged in such an order that it expresses a complete sense or meaning.

Characteristic:
1.        Completeness of sense.
2.        Correct order.
3.        Combination of words.

Example of incorrect sentences:
Mother me gives taka five (It is not a sentence because there is no order)
He is a good (It is not a sentence because there is no completeness of meaning)
He (It is not a sentence because there is no combination of words)

Example of correct sentences:
Mother gives me five taka.
He is a good boy.
He dances.

Parts of the sentence:
Subject: The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
They know me.
We have a cow.
She is taking tea.

Predicate: The part which tells something about the subject is called the predicate of the sentence.
Examples:
They know me.
We have a cow.
She is taking tea.

Elements of the sentence:
Subject: The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
A boy lived in the village.
He liked his lessons.
Her parents sent her to school.

Verb: A verb is a word that expresses some action.
Examples:
Rakib plays cricket.
Munni sings a song.
They see the bird.

Object: If we ask a verb ‘Whom’ or ‘What’ the answer we get is an object.
Examples:
Boys see the cow.
I am eating food.
They saw him.

Complement: The word which helps to complete the meaning of the sentence is called complement.
Or, The part which sits after a verb and if it is the same with the subject then it is called complement.
Examples:
We elected him captain.
Mr. John is a teacher (Here Mr. John & teacher are the same person)

Noun: A noun is the name of any human, object, place, or action.
Examples:
Name of human: Jerry, Tom, David, Lina, John.
Name of object: book, pen, table, bamboo, calculator.
Name of place: Dhaka, London, India, Khulna.
Name of action: hesitation, purification, functions.

Pronoun: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
Examples:
He goes to school everyday.
They play football.
You are a student.

Important note: (I, me, my, mine, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, they, them, their, theirs, it, its, this, that,
those, these, who, what, which etc. are generally used as pronoun)

Adjective: An adjective is a word that qualifies a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
He is a good player.
She was beautiful.
You bought seven birds.

Important note: (Good, beautiful, weak, strong, bad, ugly, much, little, some, first, second, one, two, many etc. are
generally  used as an adjective)

Adverb: An adverb is a word that qualifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples:
She went yesterday.
We shall go tomorrow.
I came back soon.

Important note: (Very, too, often, simply, really, soon, late, yesterday, tomorrow, early, nicely etc. are generally used as an adverb)

Preposition: A preposition is a word that placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence.
Examples:
He is going to school.
The cow lives upon grass.
She looked at me.

Important note: (at, on, of, off, by, after, from, upon, behind, along, before, between, beside, about, into etc. are generally used
as a preposition)

Conjunction: A conjunction is a word that used to join two or more sentences.
Examples:
He is poor but honest.
David or John will go.
She went to market and bought a book.

Important note: (And, but, or, yet, still, however, nevertheless, while, both….and, no less…than, not only…but also etc. are
 generally used as a conjunction)

Interjection: An interjection is a word which expresses some strong and sudden feeling or emotion.
(alas!, hurrah!, oh!, hush!, bravo!, hallo!, ah!, fie!, humph!, hark! etc.)
Examples:
Alas! I am undone.
Hurrah! We have won the game.
Oh! What a bad day.

Important note: (alas!, hurrah!, oh!, hush!, bravo!, hallo!, ah!, fie!, humph!, hark! etc. are generally used as an interjection)

Kinds of sentence:

According to worded:

Single-worded sentence: When we use single word to express ourselves then it is called single-worded sentence.
Examples:
Yes, no, come, go, halt etc.

Multi-worded sentence: When we use many words to express ourselves or something then it is called multi-worded sentence.
Examples:
Have you understood the grammar? (Multi-worded sentence)
Yes. (Single-worded sentence)

According to meaning:
Assertive sentence: A sentence that makes a statement is called an assertive sentence.
Examples:
David is a good boy.
He gave me a pen.

Interrogative sentence: A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence.
Examples:
Does he see a bird?
What is your name?

Imperative sentence: A sentence that expresses a command, request, advice etc. is called an imperative sentence.
Examples:
Go home at once.
Please lend me a pen.

Optative sentence: A sentence that expresses wish or prayer is called an optative sentence.
Examples:
May he live long.
May god bless you.

Exclamatory sentence: A sentence that expresses strong feeling or emotion is called an exclamatory sentence.
Examples:
Hurrah! I have got the job.
For shame! What have you done?

According to structure:
Simple sentence: A simple sentence is one which has only one subject and one predicate/finite verb.
Examples:
The moon was bright.
We could see our way.

Complex sentence: A complex sentence consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clause.
Examples:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
If you read attentively, you shall understand everything.

Important note: (so that, if, since, as, when, though, although etc. are used in this kind of sentence)

Compound sentence: A compound sentence is one made up of two or more simple sentence.
Examples:
Do or die.
I called her but she gave me no answer.

Important note: (And, and so, but, or, yet etc. are used in this kind of sentence)


Thank you.